Headstamp & Primer Identification
Learn what the markings on a case can tell you, how Boxer and Berdan designs differ, and what small and large primer terminology means.
What is a headstamp?
A headstamp is the combination of letters, numbers or symbols marked on the base of a cartridge case. It may identify the manufacturer, cartridge designation or other production information. Not every headstamp contains all of these details.
Read the whole marking
Letters or symbols: may identify a maker or factory.
Cartridge name: may indicate the original cartridge designation.
Numbers: can refer to a year, factory or other production code; interpretation depends on the full marking.
Use a documented headstamp reference rather than guessing from one letter or number.
Common markings: use a reference
Commercial cases often show a brand and cartridge name. Military and surplus cases may use factory codes, dates and symbols instead. The same letters can have more than one meaning across countries and production periods.
The AFTE gallery, for example, documents Lake City markings using LC, as well as other uses of those letters. Treat the complete headstamp as the reference—not a universal maker or primer-type rule.
Boxer versus Berdan
| Design feature | Boxer | Berdan |
|---|---|---|
| Anvil location | Part of the primer assembly. | Built into the case head. |
| Flash-hole arrangement | One central flash hole. | Openings around the case's integral anvil, commonly two. Designs vary. |
| Headstamp identification | A maker or caliber marking alone does not establish the design. | Country, age or a “military” description alone does not establish the design. |
Common Berdan cases: why there is no simple blacklist
Berdan priming is found in some imported and surplus ammunition, but a brand can have different designs across products and production periods. A list of “always Berdan” headstamps would be misleading. Check a documented reference for the exact case; if identification remains uncertain, ask a qualified professional.
Small and large primer pockets
Small and large describe primer-size families. Pistol and rifle are separate categories as well. These labels are not a statement that components are interchangeable.
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| SPP | Small pistol primer |
| LPP | Large pistol primer |
| SRP | Small rifle primer |
| LRP | Large rifle primer |
Do not infer pocket size from the cartridge name alone. Manufacturers offer variations; for example, Lapua identifies its .308 Win. Palma case as a small-rifle-primer design. Confirm the exact product's documentation.
A headstamp does not establish how many times a case has been fired, its present condition or whether it is suitable for use. This guide explains identification terminology; it does not provide loading or primer-installation instructions.